Aspectos psicossociais e estigmatizantes da leishmaniose cutâneo-mucosa

Abstract

Os autores selecionaram 15 pacientes portadores de leishmaniose cutâneo- mucosa (LCM) forma grave, onde buscaram, através de entrevista psicológica, conhecer aspectos da vida de cada um, antes de contrair a doença, no decorrer e após o tratamento. Concomitantemente, realizaram 25 entrevistas com a comunidade onde residem os pacientes, com a intenção de avaliar as reações da mesma ao doente com leishmaniose. Constataram que entre os pacientes entrevistados: 14(93,3%) referiram algum tipo de modificação no decorrer da doença; 11(73,3%) perceberam-se marginalizados; 9(60%) sentiram-se afastados do convívio da sociedade; 10(66,6%) tiveram dificuldade de retomar ao trabalho. Na comunidade, 11(44%) associam o portador da LCM a indivíduos que apresentam deformações no corpo, 8(32%) têm receio de contrair a doença pelo caráter destrutivo das lesões, 24(96%) referiram que os pacientes têm problemas de relacionamento social.The authors selected 15 patients with severe mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. By means of an interview concentrating on sociopsychological aspects they sought to understand aspects of the life of each patient before, during and after treatment of the disease. At the same time similar interviews were recorded on 25 healthy members of the same community to gauge their reaction to subjects with leishmaniasis. Among the patients interviewed, in 14(93.3%) their lives were affected by the disease and (73.3%) were suffering from discrimination. Nine (60%) felt di vorced from society and 10(66.6%) had difficulty in returning to work. Of the healthy community members interviewed 11(44%) associated the disease with bodily deformities and 8(32%) were afraid of catching the disease due its destructive nature. Twenty-four (96%) thought patients had social problems.

Keywords

• Leishmaniose cutâneo-mucosa
• Aspectos psicossociais
• Estigmatização
• Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis
• Sociopsychological aspects
• Social discrimination