Distribution and level of damage by basal stem rot disease (Fusarium oxysporum f sp cepae) on shallots in West Sumatera

Abstract

Basal stem rot disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f sp cepae is an important disease in shallots and causes yield losses to 50%. This study aims to determine the distribution of the disease and calculate the level of damage by disease on shallots in West Sumatra. The study used a survey method with sample areas in three districts with shallot production center. In each district, the seven sub-districts with the highest shallot cultivation area were selected. Sampling was taken in each sub-district using a purpose random sampling method, with the criteria being that there were symptoms of the disease, and the plants were 1 – 2 months old. Observations were made of the symptoms, the incidence and severity of the disease. The results showed that basal stem rot disease was found in three shallots center areas in West Sumatra, namely Solok, Agam and Tanah Datar districts with disease incidence ranging from 1.02 % – 42.89 % and disease severity of 19.20 % – 35%. Based on macroscopic and microscopic identification, the pathogen that causes BSR disease is Fusarium Oxysporum.