COMPARATIVE STRUCTURES WITH A PERSONAL NAME AND AN ADJECTIVE DERIVED FROM A TOPONYM IN THE DIALECTS OF THE KOSTROMA REGION

Abstract

The article deals with comparative structures found in the dialects of the Kostroma region which include a personal name and an adjective derived from an oikonym: kak Dunya kasimovskaya ( ( 'about a woman living away from other people'). These idioms are discussed in terms of their structure and semantics, as well as the functions and onomastic status of their constituents. The authors note that the comparison is not always explicitly expressed and can include different predicates (Chto naryadilsya, kak Anis’ya klimovskaya?! ; Anis’ya klimovskaya idet ). The personal name is often presented by a diminutive, the adjective is usually in the postposition. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the semantic “behavior” of the personal name and the adjective. According to the authors, in comparative structures personal names in combination with adjectives derived from toponyms have the same semantic peculiarities as common derivatives of single personal names: dominance of the negative, diffusivity of meaning and/or polysemy, expressiveness. It is argued that such anthroponyms function as nomination-characteristics and are at the first level of semantic derivation and appellativization. However, the adjective is little exposed to semantic transformations within idioms. Its basic function of geo-referencing the object remains unchanged, which, to a certain extent, restrains appellativization of the anthroponym, thus reminding that the nomination is based on the comparison with a real person.

Keywords

• апеллятивизация имени собственного
• антропоним
• личное имя
• оттопонимическое прилагательное
• адъектоним
• сравнительный оборот
• фразеологизм
• семантическая деривация
• костромские говоры.