Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria (Dec 2023)

Reshaping neuroimmunology: diagnosis and treatment in the era of precision medicine

  • Giordani Rodrigues dos Passos,
  • Tarso Adoni,
  • Maria Fernanda Mendes,
  • Douglas Kazutoshi Sato

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1777752
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 81, no. 12
pp. 1125 – 1133

Abstract

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Precision medicine has revolutionized the field of neuroimmunology, with innovative approaches that characterize diseases based on their biology, deeper understanding of the factors leading to heterogeneity within the same disease, development of targeted therapies, and strategies to tailor therapies to each patient. This review explores the impact of precision medicine on various neuroimmunological conditions, including multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD), optic neuritis, autoimmune encephalitis, and immune-mediated neuropathies. We discuss advances in disease subtyping, recognition of novel entities, promising biomarkers, and the development of more selective monoclonal antibodies and cutting-edge synthetic cell-based immunotherapies in neuroimmunological disorders. In addition, we analyze the challenges related to affordability and equity in the implementation of these emerging technologies, especially in situations with limited resources.

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