Gender-Specific Metabolomics Approach to Kidney Cancer
Stanisław Deja,
Adam Litarski,
Karolina Anna Mielko,
Natalia Pudełko-Malik,
Wojciech Wojtowicz,
Adam Zabek,
Tomasz Szydełko,
Piotr Młynarz
Affiliations
Stanisław Deja
Center for Human Nutrition, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
Adam Litarski
Department of Urology, 4th Military Clinical Hospital, 50-981 Wroclaw, Poland
Karolina Anna Mielko
Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
Natalia Pudełko-Malik
Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
Wojciech Wojtowicz
Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
Adam Zabek
Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
Tomasz Szydełko
University Center of Excellence in Urology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
Piotr Młynarz
Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common form of kidney malignancy. RCC is more common among men with a 2/1 male/female incidence ratio worldwide. Given the underlying epidemiological differences in the RCC incidence between males and females, we explored the gender specific 1H NMR serum metabolic profiles of RCC patients and their matched controls. A number of differential metabolites were shared by male and female RCC patients. These RCC specific changes included lower lactate, threonine, histidine, and choline levels together with increased levels of pyruvate, N-acetylated glycoproteins, beta-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate, and lysine. Additionally, serum lactate/pyruvate ratio was a strong predictor of RCC status regardless of gender. Although only moderate changes in metabolic profiles were observed between control males and females there were substantial gender related differences among RCC patients. Gender specific metabolic features associated with RCC status were identified suggesting that different metabolic panels could be leveraged for a more precise diagnostic.
