Estudo clínico epidemiológico das fraturas da coluna vertebral Estudio clínico epidemiológico de las fracturas de la columna vertebral Clinical epidemiological study of spinal fractures

Abstract

OBJETIVO: Realizar um levantamento epidemiológico das fraturas da coluna vertebral. MÉTODOS: Estudo de revisão de prontuário, retrospectivo analisando dados clínicos e epidemiológicos no período de 1991 a 2010. Foram avaliados dados como: idade, sexo, procedência, escala de Frankel admissional, mecanismo de trauma, tipo de fratura, tratamento e complicações, nos prontuários de 1.917 pacientes submetidos a tratamento de fraturas da coluna vertebral. O teste do qui-quadrado foi utilizado para comparação entre as variáveis discretas e o teste t Student foi utilizado no caso de variáveis contínuas, adotando níveis de significância de p OBJETIVO: Hacer un estudio epidemiológico de las fracturas de la columna vertebral. MÉTODOS: Estudio de revisión de la ficha médica, retrospectivo, analizando los datos clínicos y epidemiológicos desde 1991 hasta 2010.Se evaluaron datos como la edad, el sexo, el origen, la escala de admisión de Frankel, el mecanismo del trauma, el tipo de fractura, tratamiento y complicaciones en los registros médicos de 1.917 pacientes tratados por fracturas de la columna vertebral. Se utilizó la prueba de chi-cuadrado para comparar las variables categóricas y la prueba t de Student fue utilizada en el caso de las variables continuas, adoptando un nivel de significación p OBJECTIVE: To conduct an epidemiological survey of fractures of the spine. METHODS: We conducted a chart review retrospective study, analyzing clinical and epidemiological data from 1991 to 2010. The evaluated data were age, sex, origin, Frankel scale at admission, injury mechanism, fracture type, treatment and complications in the medical records of 1,917 patients treated for fractures of the spine. The chi-square test was used to compare discrete variables and Student t test was used in the case of continuous variables, adopting a significance level of p<0.05. RESULTS: Most patients were male (85.2%), mean age 34 years, urban origin (69.2%) and the mechanism was fall from height (40.4%). When the cause is diving into shallow water, it is associated with lesions in the cervical region, younger patients and more likely to cause neurological deficit. Isolated fractures occurred in 75.6% of cases, being the most affected the L1 level (11.4%), and surgical treatment was indicated in 88.2% without postoperative complications (61.7%) in most cases. CONCLUSION: The authors suggest changes in the mainly residential areas with educational campaigns and prevention guidelines for young people who like to do recreational activities like diving into shallow water.

Keywords

• Columna vertebral
• Fracturas de la columna vertebral
• Traumatismos vertebrales
• Coluna vertebral
• Fraturas da coluna vertebral
• Traumatismos da coluna vertebral
• Spine
• Spinal fractures
• Spinal injuries