Frontiers in Immunology (Feb 2022)
Comparative Magnitude and Persistence of Humoral SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Responses in the Adult Population in Germany
- Alex Dulovic,
- Barbora Kessel,
- Manuela Harries,
- Matthias Becker,
- Julia Ortmann,
- Johanna Griesbaum,
- Jennifer Jüngling,
- Daniel Junker,
- Pilar Hernandez,
- Daniela Gornyk,
- Stephan Glöckner,
- Vanessa Melhorn,
- Stefanie Castell,
- Jana-Kristin Heise,
- Yvonne Kemmling,
- Torsten Tonn,
- Kerstin Frank,
- Thomas Illig,
- Norman Klopp,
- Neha Warikoo,
- Angelika Rath,
- Christina Suckel,
- Anne Ulrike Marzian,
- Nicole Grupe,
- Philipp D. Kaiser,
- Bjoern Traenkle,
- Ulrich Rothbauer,
- Ulrich Rothbauer,
- Tobias Kerrinnes,
- Gérard Krause,
- Gérard Krause,
- Gérard Krause,
- Berit Lange,
- Berit Lange,
- Nicole Schneiderhan-Marra,
- Monika Strengert,
- Monika Strengert
Affiliations
- Alex Dulovic
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
- Barbora Kessel
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Manuela Harries
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Matthias Becker
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
- Julia Ortmann
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Johanna Griesbaum
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
- Jennifer Jüngling
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
- Daniel Junker
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
- Pilar Hernandez
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Daniela Gornyk
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Stephan Glöckner
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Vanessa Melhorn
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Stefanie Castell
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Jana-Kristin Heise
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Yvonne Kemmling
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Torsten Tonn
- German Red Cross Blood Donation Service North East, Dresden, Germany
- Kerstin Frank
- German Red Cross Blood Donation Service North East, Dresden, Germany
- Thomas Illig
- Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Norman Klopp
- Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Neha Warikoo
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Angelika Rath
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Christina Suckel
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Anne Ulrike Marzian
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Nicole Grupe
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Philipp D. Kaiser
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
- Bjoern Traenkle
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
- Ulrich Rothbauer
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
- Ulrich Rothbauer
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Tobias Kerrinnes
- Department of RNA-Biology of Bacterial Infections, Helmholtz Institute for RNA-Based Infection Research, Würzburg, Germany
- Gérard Krause
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Gérard Krause
- TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture of the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
- Gérard Krause
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Berit Lange
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Berit Lange
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Nicole Schneiderhan-Marra
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
- Monika Strengert
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Monika Strengert
- TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture of the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.828053
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 13
Abstract
Recent increases in SARS-CoV-2 infections have led to questions about duration and quality of vaccine-induced immune protection. While numerous studies have been published on immune responses triggered by vaccination, these often focus on studying the impact of one or two immunisation schemes within subpopulations such as immunocompromised individuals or healthcare workers. To provide information on the duration and quality of vaccine-induced immune responses against SARS-CoV-2, we analyzed antibody titres against various SARS-CoV-2 antigens and ACE2 binding inhibition against SARS-CoV-2 wild-type and variants of concern in samples from a large German population-based seroprevalence study (MuSPAD) who had received all currently available immunisation schemes. We found that homologous mRNA-based or heterologous prime-boost vaccination produced significantly higher antibody responses than vector-based homologous vaccination. Ad26.CoV2S.2 performance was particularly concerning with reduced titres and 91.7% of samples classified as non-responsive for ACE2 binding inhibition, suggesting that recipients require a booster mRNA vaccination. While mRNA vaccination induced a higher ratio of RBD- and S1-targeting antibodies, vector-based vaccines resulted in an increased proportion of S2-targeting antibodies. Given the role of RBD- and S1-specific antibodies in neutralizing SARS-CoV-2, their relative over-representation after mRNA vaccination may explain why these vaccines have increased efficacy compared to vector-based formulations. Previously infected individuals had a robust immune response once vaccinated, regardless of which vaccine they received, which could aid future dose allocation should shortages arise for certain manufacturers. Overall, both titres and ACE2 binding inhibition peaked approximately 28 days post-second vaccination and then decreased.
Keywords
- SARS-CoV-2
- mRNA vaccines
- vector-based vaccines
- variants of concern
- protective immunity
- population-based study