Radioterapia adyuvante en el cáncer rectal

Abstract

Introduction: radiotherapy is used as a treatment for more than a century and it is based on the use of local ionizing radiation. Objective: To evaluate the response to adjuvant radiotherapy in patients with rectal cancer. Method: A retrospective longitudinal descriptive observational study was carried out from January 2012 to December 2016. The study population consisted of patients treated at the Oncology and Radiotherapy Service of the Celestino Hernández Robau Hospital in Villa Clara with positive diagnosis of rectal cancer who met the criteria for treatment with adjuvant radiotherapy. The sample consisted of 198 patients by non-probabilistic or convenience sampling. Results: age between 41-50 years, male sex, urban origin and white skin color predominated; the fat diet, smoking habit, obesity and alcohol consumption predominated as a risk factor and the arterial hypertension, gastroduodenal ulcers and bronchial asthma as main associated diseases, in addition to other neoplasms. Family members were found with other types of neoplasms such as breast, prostate and ovarian cancer. The response to treatment was complete and prevailed in patients with stage I–b and II-b. Radiodermitis was among the acute complications and in chronic the radicular cystitis. Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of patients surviving without the disease even 2 years, after have received adjuvant radiotherapy without manifesting at least one relapse.

Keywords

• radioterapia adyuvante
• neoplasias del recto
• factores de riesgo
• supervivencia sin enfermedad