Modification of Hand Muscular Synergies in Stroke Patients after Robot-Aided Rehabilitation

Abstract

The central nervous system (CNS) is able to control a very high number of degrees of freedom to perform complex movements of both upper and lower limbs. However, what strategies the CNS adopts to perform complex tasks are not completely clear and are still being studied. Recent studies confirm that stroke subjects with mild and moderate impairment show altered upper limb muscle patterns, but the muscular patterns of the hand have not completely investigated, although the hand represents a paramount tool for performing activities of daily living (ADLs) and stroke can significantly alter the mobilization of this part of the body. In this context, this study aims at investigating hand muscular synergies in chronic stroke patients and evaluating some possible benefits in the robot-aided rehabilitation treatment of the hand in these subjects. Seven chronic stroke patients with mild-to-moderate impairment (FM>30) were involved in this study. They received a 5-week robot-aided rehabilitation treatment with the Gloreha hand exoskeleton, and muscle synergies of both the healthy and injured hand were evaluated at the beginning and at the end of the treatment. The performed analysis showed a very high degree of similarity of the involved synergies between the healthy and the injured limb both before and after the rehabilitation treatment (mean similarity index values: H-BR: 0.88±0.03, H-AR: 0.94±0.03, BR-AR: 0.89±0.05). The increasing similarity is regarded as an effect of the robot-aided rehabilitation treatment and future activities will be performed to increase the population involved in the study.

Keywords

• muscular synergies
• robot-aided rehabilitation
• non-negative matrix factorization algorithm
• stroke
• hand