Frontiers in Microbiology (Aug 2023)

Carbapenem-resistant Citrobacter freundii harboring blaKPC−2 and blaNDM−1: a study on their transferability and potential dissemination via generating a transferrable hybrid plasmid mediated by IS6100

  • Feilong Zhang,
  • Feilong Zhang,
  • Feilong Zhang,
  • Ziyao Li,
  • Ziyao Li,
  • Ziyao Li,
  • Xinmeng Liu,
  • Xinmeng Liu,
  • Xinmeng Liu,
  • Yanning Hu,
  • Yanning Hu,
  • Yanning Hu,
  • Jiankang Zhao,
  • Jiankang Zhao,
  • Yulin Zhang,
  • Yulin Zhang,
  • Yanyan Fan,
  • Yanyan Fan,
  • Zichen Lei,
  • Zichen Lei,
  • Zichen Lei,
  • Xinrui Yang,
  • Xinrui Yang,
  • Xinrui Yang,
  • Zhihua Li,
  • Zhihua Li,
  • Zhihua Li,
  • Chen Li,
  • Chen Li,
  • Chen Li,
  • Chen Li,
  • Yongli Wu,
  • Yongli Wu,
  • Yongli Wu,
  • Binghuai Lu,
  • Binghuai Lu,
  • Binghuai Lu,
  • Binghuai Lu,
  • Binghuai Lu

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1239538
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 14

Abstract

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IntroductionThe increase in clinical Enterobacteriaceae with dual carbapenemase has become a serious healthcare concern. It is essential to characterize the transferability and potential dissemination of blaKPC−2- and blaNDM−1-coharboring carbapenem-resistant Citrobacter freundii (CRCF).MethodsFour blaKPC−2- and blaNDM−1-coharboring CRCF strains were collected from our surveillance of the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. The isolates were assessed using species identification, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, conjugation assays, whole-genome sequencing, plasmid stability, and fitness costs. Clonality, genome, plasmidome, and phylogeny were analyzed to reveal potential dissemination.ResultsThree ST523 blaKPC−2- and blaNDM−1-coharboring CRCF strains, collected from the same hospital within 1 month, exhibited high homology (both identity and coverage >99%), implying clonal dissemination and a small-scale outbreak. Moreover, the blaKPC−2 and blaNDM−1 genes were coharbored on an IncR plasmid, probably generated by a blaKPC−2-harboring plasmid acquiring blaNDM−1, in these three strains. Importantly, the IncR plasmid may form a transferable hybrid plasmid, mediated by IS6100 via transposition, with another IncFII plasmid included in the same C. freundii strain. Furthermore, the blaKPC−2 and blaNDM−1 of the fourth CRCF strain are located on two different non-transferable plasmids lacking complete transfer elements. Additionally, throughout the course of the 10-day continuous passage, the genetic surroundings of blaNDM−1 in four CRCF strains were gradually excised from their plasmids after the 8th day, whereas they maintained 100% retention for blaKPC−2. Genome and plasmidome analyses revealed that blaKPC−2- or blaNDM−1-harboring C. freundii were divergent, and these plasmids have high homology to plasmids of other Enterobacteriaceae.ConclusionClonal dissemination of ST523 blaKPC−2- and blaNDM−1-coharboring CRCF strains was detected, and we first reported blaKPC−2 and blaNDM−1 concomitantly located on one plasmid, which could be transferred with mediation by IS6100 via transposition. Continued surveillance should urgently be implemented.

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