Typhoid conjugate vaccine implementation in India: A review of supportive evidence
Vijayalaxmi V. Mogasale,
Anish Sinha,
Jacob John,
Habib Hasan Farooqui,
Arindam Ray,
Tracey Chantler,
Vittal Mogasale,
Bhim Gopal Dhoubhadel,
W John Edmunds,
Andrew Clark,
Kaja Abbas
Affiliations
Vijayalaxmi V. Mogasale
Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Dynamics, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan; Corresponding author at: Vijayalaxmi V Mogasale, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Dynamics, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Anish Sinha
Indian Institute of Public Health-Gandhinagar, India
Jacob John
Department of Community Health, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
Habib Hasan Farooqui
College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
Arindam Ray
Department of Infectious Disease & Vaccine Delivery, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, New Delhi, India
Tracey Chantler
Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
Vittal Mogasale
Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (Current affiliation: Health Financing and Economics Department, World Health Organisation, Geneva, Switzerland)
Bhim Gopal Dhoubhadel
School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan; Department of Clinical Medicine and Research, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
W John Edmunds
Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Dynamics, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan; Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Dynamics, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
Andrew Clark
Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
Kaja Abbas
Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Dynamics, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan; Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Dynamics, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan; Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India
Background: Typhoid conjugate vaccines are available in the private market in India and are also recommended by the National Technical Advisory Group on Immunisation (NTAGI) for inclusion in India’s Universal Immunisation Programme in 2022 to control and prevent typhoid fever. Our study aims to synthesise the supportive evidence for typhoid conjugate vaccine implementation in the routine immunisation programme of India. Methods: We conducted a literature review to identify supportive evidence for typhoid conjugate vaccine implementation in India based on the key criteria of the World Health Organisation’s Evidence-to-Recommendation framework for National Immunisation Technical Advisory Groups. Results: We synthesised evidence on typhoid disease burden, benefits and harms of typhoid conjugate vaccine, cost-effectiveness analysis, and implementation feasibility. However, the in-country evidence on budget impact analysis, vaccine demand and supply forecast, equity analysis, target population values and preferences, immunisation service providers’ acceptability, co-administration safety, and antimicrobial resistance tracking were limited. Conclusion: Based on the literature review, we identified evidence gaps. We recommend identifying research priorities for supporting typhoid conjugate vaccine implementation decision-making in India by combining evidence gaps with the perceived importance of the same evidence criteria and factors among immunisation stakeholders.
