Targeting the PRC2-dependent epigenetic program alleviates urinary tract infections

Abstract

Summary: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a pervasive health problem worldwide. Patients with a history of UTIs suffer increased risk of recurrent infections, a major risk of antibiotic resistance. Here, we show that bladder infections induce expression of Ezh2 in bladder urothelial cells. Ezh2 is the methyltransferase of polycomb repressor complex 2 (PRC2)—a potent epigenetic regulator. Urothelium-specific inactivation of PRC2 results in reduced urine bacterial burden, muted inflammatory response, and decreased activity of the NF-κB signaling pathway. PRC2 inactivation also facilitates proper regeneration after urothelial damage from UTIs, by attenuating basal cell hyperplasia and increasing urothelial differentiation. In addition, treatment with Ezh2-specific small-molecule inhibitors improves outcomes of the chronic and severe bladder infections in mice. These findings collectively suggest that the PRC2-dependent epigenetic reprograming controls the amplitude of inflammation and severity of UTIs and that Ezh2 inhibitors may be a viable non-antibiotic strategy to manage chronic and severe UTIs.

Keywords

• Health sciences
• Molecular mechanism of gene regulation
• Epigenetics
• Immunology