Gut microbiota and parkinson's disease

Abstract

It is possible for the non-motor symptoms (NMS) of Parkinson's disease (PD), which include constipation, sleep difficulties, and olfactory impairments, to appear up to 20 years before the motor symptoms of the disease. There is a growing body of research that suggests the pathology of Parkinson's disease may begin in the gastrointestinal tract and progress to the brain. Numerous studies provide credence to the idea that the microbiota in one's gut communicates with one's brain in Parkinson's disease (PD) via way of the immune system, a certain amino acid metabolism, and the neurological system. Through what has become known as the "gut microbiota-brain axis" (GMBA), the gut microbiota is thought to play an important part in the modulation of several neurochemical pathways.In the process of mediating the crosstalk between the gut microbiota and the physiology of the host, many of the metabolites produced by the gut microbiota, such as fatty acids, amino acids, and bile acids, carry signaling activities. In Parkinson's disease (PD), the quantity of amino acids and species-specific alterations of amino acids, such as glutamate and tryptophan, may interfere with the signaling transmission between nerve cells and disrupt the normal operation of the basal ganglia. Certain amino acids and the receptors that bind to them are being looked at as new possible targets for the treatment of PD. The purpose of the current investigation was to compile and analyze all of the evidence that is currently available on the gut microbiota-derived amino acid metabolic changes that are related with PD.

Keywords

• constipation
• dementia
• gut microbiota-brain axis
• microbiota-host interaction
• postural hypotension