Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences (Jun 2023)
Solar wind with Hydrogen Ion charge Exchange and Large-Scale Dynamics (SHIELD) DRIVE Science Center
- Merav Opher,
- Merav Opher,
- John Richardson,
- Gary Zank,
- Vladimir Florinski,
- Joe Giacalone,
- Justyna M. Sokół,
- Gabor Toth,
- Sanlyn Buxner,
- Marc Kornbleuth,
- Matina Gkioulidou,
- Romina Nikoukar,
- Bart Van der Holst,
- Drew Turner,
- Nicholas Gross,
- James Drake,
- Marc Swisdak,
- Kostas Dialynas,
- Maher Dayeh,
- Yuxi Chen,
- Bertalan Zieger,
- Erick Powell,
- Chika Onubogu,
- Xiaohan Ma,
- Ethan Bair,
- Heather Elliott,
- Andre Galli,
- Lingling Zhao,
- Laxman Adhikari,
- Masaru Nakanotani,
- Matthew E. Hill,
- Parisa Mostafavi,
- Senbei Du,
- Fan Guo,
- Daniel Reisenfeld,
- Stephen Fuselier,
- Vladislav Izmodenov,
- Igor Baliukin,
- Alan Cummings,
- Jesse Miller,
- Bingbing Wang,
- Keyvan Ghanbari,
- Jozsef Kota,
- Abraham Loeb,
- Juditra Burgess,
- Sarah Chobot Hokanson,
- Cherilyn Morrow,
- Adam Hong,
- Andrea Boldon
Affiliations
- Merav Opher
- Astronomy Department, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
- Merav Opher
- Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Studies at Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
- John Richardson
- Kavli Center for Astrophysics and Space Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Gary Zank
- Department of Space Science and Center for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research (CSPAR), University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, United States
- Vladimir Florinski
- Department of Space Science and Center for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research (CSPAR), University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, United States
- Joe Giacalone
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Justyna M. Sokół
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Gabor Toth
- Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MA, United States
- Sanlyn Buxner
- Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Marc Kornbleuth
- Astronomy Department, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
- Matina Gkioulidou
- Applied Physics Lab, John Hopkins University, Laurel, MD, United States
- Romina Nikoukar
- Applied Physics Lab, John Hopkins University, Laurel, MD, United States
- Bart Van der Holst
- Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MA, United States
- Drew Turner
- Applied Physics Lab, John Hopkins University, Laurel, MD, United States
- Nicholas Gross
- Astronomy Department, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
- James Drake
- 0Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
- Marc Swisdak
- 0Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
- Kostas Dialynas
- 1Office of Space Research and Technology, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Maher Dayeh
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Yuxi Chen
- Astronomy Department, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
- Bertalan Zieger
- Astronomy Department, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
- Erick Powell
- Astronomy Department, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
- Chika Onubogu
- Astronomy Department, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
- Xiaohan Ma
- Astronomy Department, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
- Ethan Bair
- Astronomy Department, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
- Heather Elliott
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Andre Galli
- 2Space Research and Planetary Sciences Division, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Lingling Zhao
- Department of Space Science and Center for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research (CSPAR), University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, United States
- Laxman Adhikari
- Department of Space Science and Center for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research (CSPAR), University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, United States
- Masaru Nakanotani
- Department of Space Science and Center for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research (CSPAR), University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, United States
- Matthew E. Hill
- Applied Physics Lab, John Hopkins University, Laurel, MD, United States
- Parisa Mostafavi
- Applied Physics Lab, John Hopkins University, Laurel, MD, United States
- Senbei Du
- 3Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States
- Fan Guo
- 3Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States
- Daniel Reisenfeld
- 3Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States
- Stephen Fuselier
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Vladislav Izmodenov
- 4Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow Center for Fundamental and Applied Mathematics, GSP-1, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, Russia
- Igor Baliukin
- 5Space Research Institute (IKI) of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Alan Cummings
- 6California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
- Jesse Miller
- Astronomy Department, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
- Bingbing Wang
- Department of Space Science and Center for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research (CSPAR), University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, United States
- Keyvan Ghanbari
- Department of Space Science and Center for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research (CSPAR), University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, United States
- Jozsef Kota
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Abraham Loeb
- 7Institute of Theory and Computation, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Juditra Burgess
- Astronomy Department, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
- Sarah Chobot Hokanson
- 8Office of Provost, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
- Cherilyn Morrow
- 9Consultant SWRI, Boulder, CO, United States
- Adam Hong
- 0Adam Hong Graphic Design, New York, NY, United States
- Andrea Boldon
- 1The Implementation Group (TIG), Washington, DC, United States
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fspas.2023.1143909
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 10
Abstract
Most stars generate winds and move through the interstellar medium that surrounds them. This movement creates a cocoon formed by the deflection of these winds that envelops and protects the stars. We call these “cocoons” astrospheres. The Sun has its own cocoon, the heliosphere. The heliosphere is an immense shield that protects the Solar System from harsh, galactic radiation. The radiation that enters the heliosphere affects life on Earth as well as human space exploration. Galactic cosmic rays are the dominant source of radiation and principal hazard affecting space missions within our Solar System. Current global heliosphere models do not successfully predict the radiation environment at all locations or under different solar conditions. To understand the heliosphere’s shielding properties, we need to understand its structure and large-scale dynamics. A fortunate confluence of missions has provided the scientific community with a treasury of heliospheric data. However, fundamental features remain unknown. The vision of the Solar wind with Hydrogen Ion charge Exchange and Large-Scale Dynamics (SHIELD) DRIVE Science Center is to understand the nature and structure of the heliosphere. Through four integrated research thrusts leading to the global model, SHIELD will: 1) determine the global nature of the heliosphere; 2) determine how pickup ions evolve from “cradle to grave” and affect heliospheric processes; 3) establish how the heliosphere interacts with and influences the Local Interstellar Medium (LISM); and 4) establish how cosmic rays are filtered by and transported through the heliosphere. The key deliverable is a comprehensive, self-consistent, global model of the heliosphere that explains data from all relevant in situ and remote observations and predicts the radiation environment. SHIELD will develop a “digital twin” of the heliosphere capable of: (a) predicting how changing solar and LISM conditions affect life on Earth, (b) understanding the radiation environment to support long-duration space travel, and (c) contributing toward finding life elsewhere in the Galaxy. SHIELD also will train the next-generation of heliophysicists, a diverse community fluent in team science and skilled working in highly transdisciplinary collaborative environments.
Keywords
