Apply surface wettability gradient to non-wetting capillary: A simulation study on spontaneous droplet flow

Abstract

The present work simulates a concept about how to drive droplet flowing through non-wetting (hydrophobic) capillaries without any external force by using many-body dissipative particle dynamics. By decorating the capillary segments with wettability gradients, a droplet with proper radius can be absorbed by the non-wetting capillaries and then constantly flow through the capillary. The simulation results show the droplet can keep flowing through the whole capillaries under certain wettability gradients and the flow velocity also depends on the degree of the wettability gradients. The average wettability of the whole capillary is also essential for the continuous flowing, higher non-wetting capillaries can still keep the flowing with low wettability gradients due to less surface adhesion. A strategy on how to achieve longer flow pathway is also presented. It is also find that unbalanced uptake of droplet via lateral heterogeneous surfaces cannot stir the inside flow of the droplet. The simulation results could inspire the new design of microfluidics in which the transportation of droplet is an important aspect.