The first report evaluating the post-exposure rabies prophylaxis in children exposed to animals in the Lublin Province (Eastern Poland) in 2010–2016 – a retrospective study

Abstract

Introduction : Rabies continues to be one of the most important viral diseases and remains a significant threat to public health across the globe. The World Health Organization (WHO) has determined that most rabies cases occur in children. Dog bites on humans are a major public-health problem. Poland has not achieved rabies free status yet. Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) in humans can effectively prevent death after exposure to a potentially infected animal. The aim : The main objective of this study was to estimate the frequency of PEP among children exposed to animals, who had attended consultations at the Department of Infectious Diseases for Children in the Jan Boży Hospital in Lublin. Patients and methods : We retrospectively analyzed the medical records from the period of 2010–2016 of all pediatric patients (0–17 years of age) who had been exposed to animals and attended consultations at the Department of Infectious Diseases for Children in the Jan Boży Hospital in Lublin. Results : During the studied period, 519 children who had been exposed to animals attended consultations, and a prophylactic procedure consisting of active immunization was applied to 32.8%. The male children accounted for 55.3%. The mean age was 9.2 years. The biggest group of children (406) had been exposed to dogs, 62 children to cats, and 15 to rats. Most children had upper-limbs injuries. During the studied period, i.e. 2010–2016, there were 1713 confirmed cases of rabid animals in Poland, and 60 cases were recorded in the Lublin Province. We did not observe any cases of rabies in our exposed and vaccinated patients. Conclusions : The number of rabid animals in the Lublin Province had decreased to low levels, but the expected decrease in the number of PEP's administered did not occur. Since all children were vaccinated in accordance with the recommendations, the possible reason for vaccination's being administered in the quantities greater than the number of rabid animals recorded in the Lublin Province are bites by animals unavailable for veterinary observations and also the lack of more frequent reports regarding the current epizootic situation of rabies. The use of rabies immunoglobulin (RIG) in children in the Lublin Province is at a very low level, i.e. at 0.58%. The yearly numbers of exposed pediatric patients were at similar levels, which indicates that education programs should be introduce to reduce the number of animal bites in children.

Keywords

• children
• dog bites
• lublin
• poland
• post-exposure rabies prophylaxis
• rabies in animals
• rabies