Enterohemorrhagic E. coli: virulence factors and infection in cattle

Abstract

Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) strains constitute a subset of the verotoxigenic E. coli (VTEC) or Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing E. coli (STEC). Within this group, E. coli O157:H7 is the most well-known Stx-producing serotype. EHEC strains produce hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome in humans. Like enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) strains, they mediate their pathogenesis through "attaching and effacing" (A/E) lesions. Cattle are the main reservoir of E. coli O157:H7 and they are directly linked to most of the human outbreaks. In this review, the virulence factors involved in the pathogenesis of EHEC strains, especially those participating in the colonization of the bovine intestinal mucosa, are analyzed.

Keywords

• EHEC
• E. coli O157:H7
• virulence factors
• cattle
• colonization