Acta Epileptologica (Feb 2022)

A multicenter retrospective cohort study of ketogenic diet therapy in 481 children with infantile spasms

  • Yuanzhen Ye,
  • Dan Sun,
  • Hua Li,
  • Jianmin Zhong,
  • Rong Luo,
  • Baomin Li,
  • Dengna Zhu,
  • Dan Li,
  • Shaoping Huang,
  • Yuwu Jiang,
  • Nong Xiao,
  • Yucai Chen,
  • Yuqin Zhang,
  • Mei Yu,
  • Xiaoyun Shen,
  • Li Gao,
  • Guo Zheng,
  • Congmin Zhao,
  • Baoqiang Yuan,
  • Jianxiang Liao,
  • Jiong Qin,
  • CAAE KD group

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s42494-021-00077-7
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 4, no. 1
pp. 1 – 8

Abstract

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Abstract Background Ketogenic diet (KD) therapy is one of the main treatments for drug-resistant epilepsy. However, the KD therapy has been applied in only a small number of infantile spasm cases. In this large multicenter study, we investigated the efficacy of KD therapy in the treatment of infantile spasms. Methods In this retrospective, multicenter cohort study, clinical data from main epilepsy centers were analyzed. Patients were classified into different groups according to age, type of drug and whether glucocorticoid was used before initiation of KD. Results From October 2014 to March 2020, 481 patients (308 males and 173 females) with infantile spasms were treated with the KD therapy. The age of the patients ranged from 2 months to 20 years, with a mean age of 1 year and 10 months. The number of anti-seizure medications (ASMs) used before KD initiation ranged 0–6, with a median of 3. In different time from initiation(1, 3, 6, and 12 months), the rates of seizure freedom after KD were 6.9, 11.6, 16.0 and 16.8%, respectively (χ 2 = 27.1772, P 0.05). Two hundred and eighteen patients (45.3%) failed to respond to corticotropin or glucocorticoid before initiation. There was no significant difference in the effectiveness rate at different time points between the group of KD therapy after glucocorticoid failure and the group after non-hormone failure (χ 2 = 0.8613, P = 0.8348). The rate of adverse events of KD in 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after KD initiation were 22.3, 21.7, 16.8 and 6.9%, respectively. The adverse events mainly occurred during the first 3 months of KD, and the main adverse events were gastrointestinal disturbance and constipation. Conclusion The efficacy of the KD treatment for infantile spasms was not affected by age, medication, and glucocorticoid use before initiation. KD is one of the effective treatments for infantile spasms. Trial registration ChiCTR-IIR-16008342. Registered on 22 April, 2016 - Retrospectively registered, https://www.chictr.org.cn .

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