PLoS ONE (Jan 2019)

A snapshot of antimicrobial resistance in Mexico. Results from 47 centers from 20 states during a six-month period.

  • Elvira Garza-González,
  • Rayo Morfín-Otero,
  • Soraya Mendoza-Olazarán,
  • Paola Bocanegra-Ibarias,
  • Samantha Flores-Treviño,
  • Eduardo Rodríguez-Noriega,
  • Alfredo Ponce-de-León,
  • Domingo Sanchez-Francia,
  • Rafael Franco-Cendejas,
  • Sara Arroyo-Escalante,
  • Consuelo Velázquez-Acosta,
  • Fabián Rojas-Larios,
  • Luis J Quintanilla,
  • Joyarit Y Maldonado-Anicacio,
  • Rafael Martínez-Miranda,
  • Heidy L Ostos-Cantú,
  • Abraham Gomez-Choel,
  • Juan L Jaime-Sanchez,
  • Laura K Avilés-Benítez,
  • José M Feliciano-Guzmán,
  • Cynthia D Peña-López,
  • Carlos A Couoh-May,
  • Aaron Molina-Jaimes,
  • Elda G Vázquez-Narvaez,
  • Joaquín Rincón-Zuno,
  • Raúl Rivera-Garay,
  • Aurelio Galindo-Espinoza,
  • Andrés Martínez-Ramirez,
  • Javier P Mora,
  • Reyna E Corte-Rojas,
  • Ismelda López-Ovilla,
  • Víctor A Monroy-Colin,
  • Juan M Barajas-Magallón,
  • Cecilia T Morales-De-la-Peña,
  • Efrén Aguirre-Burciaga,
  • Mabel Coronado-Ramírez,
  • Alina A Rosales-García,
  • María-de-J Ayala-Tarín,
  • Silvia Sida-Rodríguez,
  • Bertha A Pérez-Vega,
  • América Navarro-Rodríguez,
  • Gloria E Juárez-Velázquez,
  • Carlos Miguel Cetina-Umaña,
  • Juan P Mena-Ramírez,
  • Jorge Canizales-Oviedo,
  • Martha Irene Moreno-Méndez,
  • Daniel Romero-Romero,
  • Alejandra Arévalo-Mejía,
  • Dulce Isabel Cobos-Canul,
  • Gilberto Aguilar-Orozco,
  • Jesús Silva-Sánchez,
  • Adrián Camacho-Ortiz

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209865
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 14, no. 3
p. e0209865

Abstract

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AIM:We aimed to assess the resistance rates of antimicrobial-resistant, in bacterial pathogens of epidemiological importance in 47 Mexican centers. MATERIAL AND METHODS:In this retrospective study, we included a stratified sample of 47 centers, covering 20 Mexican states. Selected isolates considered as potential causatives of disease collected over a 6-month period were included. Laboratories employed their usual methods to perform microbiological studies. The results were deposited into a database and analyzed with the WHONET 5.6 software. RESULTS:In this 6-month study, a total of 22,943 strains were included. Regarding Gram-negatives, carbapenem resistance was detected in ≤ 3% in Escherichia coli, 12.5% in Klebsiella sp. and Enterobacter sp., and up to 40% in Pseudomonas aeruginosa; in the latter, the resistance rate for piperacillin-tazobactam (TZP) was as high as 19.1%. In Acinetobacter sp., resistance rates for cefepime, ciprofloxacin, meropenem, and TZP were higher than 50%. Regarding Gram-positives, methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was as high as 21.4%, and vancomycin (VAN) resistance reached up to 21% in Enterococcus faecium. Acinetobacter sp. presented the highest multidrug resistance (53%) followed by Klebsiella sp. (22.6%) and E. coli (19.4%). CONCLUSION:The multidrug resistance of Acinetobacter sp., Klebsiella sp. and E. coli and the carbapenem resistance in specific groups of enterobacteria deserve special attention in Mexico. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and MRSA are common in our hospitals. Our results present valuable information for the implementation of measures to control drug resistance.