Investigation on the use of deep eutectic solvent with microwave assistance for the extraction of ferulic acid from palm pressed fibre

Abstract

Ferulic acid is a highly sought-after compound as functional food and nutraceuticals due to its antioxidative, anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties. Extraction of ferulic acid from oil palm pressed fibre by using microwave assisted deep eutectic solvent (DES) extraction was studied and reported. The influence of water content in the DES, microwave irradiation temperature and duration on the extraction efficiency were investigated. The viscosity of the DES of ChCl-AA, reduced from 9.678 ​mm2/s to 5.7356 ​mm2/s as the water content in the DES increased from 0% to 10% (v/v). DES with 30% (v/v) water (viscosity 2.547 ​mm2/s) was found to be optimal for ferulic acid extraction. The amount of ferulic acid extracted under microwave heating at 60 ​°C for 9 ​min were 0.609 ​mg/g – 0.617 ​mg/g and up to 1.123 ​mg/g when heated for 15 ​min. Response surface method showed that the microwave assisted DES extraction of ferulic acid from palm pressed fibre depended on the microwave temperature, heating duration and the interaction between the heating temperature and duration.

Keywords

• Deep eutectic solvent
• Extraction
• Ferulic acid
• Microwave
• Palm