A Bataillean Perspective on Migration and the Nation-State: The Politics of Active Matter as an Irreducible Force

Abstract

This study explores the relationship between migration and classical materialist reductionist approaches to matter through Bataille’s concept of base materialism which focuses on the idea of formless matter. Bataille’s notion of formless matter challenges the conceptual idealism of classical materialism by emphasizing the baseness and lowness of matter, understood in its vulgarity. His provocative use of the term “base” serves as a declaration: the baseness of matter is not something to be overlooked or dismissed, but rather embraced as a fundamental characteristic of its irreducible nature. Bataille’s idea of formless matter opposes the conceptual idealism of classical materialism, highlighting the notions of baseness and lowness in the sense of vulgarism of the concept of matter. Bataille’s provocative usage of the word base is a declaration of the baseness of matter is not By doing so, it allows for a reevaluation of migration not as a social threat but as an integral part of homogeneous culture. This work draws on Bataille’s dualism of homogeneous and heterogeneous concepts to rethink the political philosophy concerning the nation-state and migration. The analogical relationship between passive, reductive materialist views and migration is examined, emphasizing that migration should be understood beyond a mere problem. Instead, it should be seen as a constitutive element of societies. Bataille’s critique of materialism suggests that matter, when viewed through its formless and base characteristics, can offer a new perspective on migration. This perspective allows for the recognition of migration as an essential response within homogeneous cultures rather than an external threat. The study argues that this approach provides a more profound understanding of migration movements, acknowledging their foundational role in shaping societies. By integrating Bataille’s theories, this research aims to challenge the reductionist views of classical materialism and propose a more nuanced interpretation of migration. It contends that migration, analyzed through the lens of base materialism, is vital for comprehending its complex impact on social structures.

Keywords

• bataille
• homogeneous
• heterogeneous
• active matter
• migration