Hybrid Inorganic Organic PSF/Hap Dual-Layer Hollow Fibre Membrane for the Treatment of Lead Contaminated Water
Sumarni Mansur,
Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman,
Nurul Jannah Ismail,
Siti Hamimah Sheikh Abdul Kadir,
Mohd Hafiz Puteh,
Huda Abdullah,
Juhana Jaafar,
Mukhlis A. Rahman,
Tutuk Djoko Kusworo,
Ahmad Fauzi Ismail,
Abdul Latif Ahmad
Affiliations
Sumarni Mansur
Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman
Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
Nurul Jannah Ismail
Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
Siti Hamimah Sheikh Abdul Kadir
Laboratory and Forensics (I-PPerForM), Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Sungai Buloh 47000, Selangor, Malaysia
Mohd Hafiz Puteh
School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia
Huda Abdullah
Department of Electrical, Electronic & Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, The National University of Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
Juhana Jaafar
Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
Mukhlis A. Rahman
Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
Tutuk Djoko Kusworo
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Indonesia
Ahmad Fauzi Ismail
Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
Abdul Latif Ahmad
School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, Nibong Tebal 14300, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
Lead (Pb) exposure can be harmful to public health, especially through drinking water. One of the promising treatment methods for lead contaminated water is the adsorption-filtration method. To ensure the cost-effectiveness of the process, naturally derived adsorbent shall be utilised. In this study, hydroxyapatite particles, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 (HAP) derived from waste cockle shell, were incorporated into the outer layer of polysulfone/HAP (PSf/HAP) dual-layer hollow fibre (DLHF) membrane to enhance the removal of lead from the water source due to its hydrophilic nature and excellent adsorption capacity. The PSf/HAP DLHF membranes at different HAP loadings in the outer layer (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 wt%) were fabricated via the co-extrusion phase inversion technique. The performance of the DLHF membranes was evaluated in terms of pure water flux, permeability and adsorption capacity towards lead. The results indicated that the HAP was successfully incorporated into the outer layer of the membrane, as visibly confirmed by microscopic analysis. The trend was towards an increase in pure water flux, permeability and lead adsorption capacity as the HAP loading increased to the optimum loading of 30 wt%. The optimized DLHF membrane displayed a reduced water contact angle by 95%, indicating its improved surface hydrophilicity, which positively affects the pure water flux and permeability of the membrane. Furthermore, the DLHF membrane possessed the highest lead adsorption capacity, 141.2 mg/g. The development of a hybrid inorganic–organic DLHF membrane via the incorporation of the naturally derived HAP in the outer layer is a cost-effective approach to treat lead contaminated water.
