Frontiers in Endocrinology (May 2018)
Continuous Blood Glucose Monitoring Reveals Enormous Circadian Variations in Pregnant Diabetic Rats
- Michaela Golic,
- Michaela Golic,
- Michaela Golic,
- Michaela Golic,
- Michaela Golic,
- Kristin Kräker,
- Kristin Kräker,
- Kristin Kräker,
- Kristin Kräker,
- Kristin Kräker,
- Caroline Fischer,
- Caroline Fischer,
- Caroline Fischer,
- Caroline Fischer,
- Natalia Alenina,
- Natalia Alenina,
- Natalia Alenina,
- Nadine Haase,
- Nadine Haase,
- Nadine Haase,
- Nadine Haase,
- Nadine Haase,
- Florian Herse,
- Florian Herse,
- Florian Herse,
- Florian Herse,
- Till Schütte,
- Till Schütte,
- Wolfgang Henrich,
- Dominik N. Müller,
- Dominik N. Müller,
- Dominik N. Müller,
- Dominik N. Müller,
- Dominik N. Müller,
- Andreas Busjahn,
- Michael Bader,
- Michael Bader,
- Michael Bader,
- Michael Bader,
- Ralf Dechend,
- Ralf Dechend,
- Ralf Dechend,
- Ralf Dechend
Affiliations
- Michaela Golic
- Department of Obstetrics, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Michaela Golic
- Department of Gynecology With Breast Center, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Michaela Golic
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Michaela Golic
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Michaela Golic
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Kristin Kräker
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Kristin Kräker
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Kristin Kräker
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Kristin Kräker
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Kristin Kräker
- Partner Site Berlin, Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
- Caroline Fischer
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Caroline Fischer
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Caroline Fischer
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Caroline Fischer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- Natalia Alenina
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Natalia Alenina
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Natalia Alenina
- Partner Site Berlin, Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
- Nadine Haase
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Nadine Haase
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Nadine Haase
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Nadine Haase
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Nadine Haase
- Partner Site Berlin, Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
- Florian Herse
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Florian Herse
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Florian Herse
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Florian Herse
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Till Schütte
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Till Schütte
- Institute of Pharmacology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Wolfgang Henrich
- Department of Obstetrics, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Dominik N. Müller
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Dominik N. Müller
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Dominik N. Müller
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Dominik N. Müller
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Dominik N. Müller
- Partner Site Berlin, Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
- Andreas Busjahn
- 0HealthTwiSt GmbH, Berlin, Germany
- Michael Bader
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Michael Bader
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Michael Bader
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Michael Bader
- Partner Site Berlin, Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
- Ralf Dechend
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Ralf Dechend
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Ralf Dechend
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Ralf Dechend
- 1Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, HELIOS Klinikum Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2018.00271
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 9
Abstract
AimDiabetes in pregnancy is a major burden with acute and long-term consequences. Its treatment requires adequate diagnosis and monitoring of therapy. Many experimental research on diabetes during pregnancy has been performed in rats. Recently, continuous blood glucose monitoring of non-pregnant diabetic rats revealed an increased circadian variability of blood glucose that made a single blood glucose measurement per day inappropriate to reflect glycemic status. Continuous blood glucose measurement has never been performed in pregnant rats. We wanted to perform continuous blood glucose monitoring in pregnant rats to decipher the influence of pregnancy on blood glucose in diabetic and normoglycemic status.MethodsWe used the transgenic Tet29 diabetes rat model with an inducible knock down of the insulin receptor via RNA interference upon application of doxycycline (DOX) leading to insulin resistant type II diabetes. All Tet29 rats received a HD-XG telemetry implant (Data Sciences International, USA) that measured blood glucose and activity continuously. Rats were divided into four groups and blood glucose was monitored until end of pregnancy or the corresponding period: Tet29 + DOX (diabetic) non-pregnant, Tet29 + DOX (diabetic) pregnant, Tet29 (normoglycemic) non-pregnant, Tet29 (normoglycemic) pregnant.ResultsAll analyzed rats displayed a circadian variation in blood glucose concentration. Circadian variability was much more pronounced in pregnant diabetic rats than in normoglycemic pregnant rats. Pregnancy ameliorated variation in blood glucose in diabetic situation. Pregnancy continuously decreased blood glucose during normoglycemic pregnancy. Diabetic rats were less active than normoglycemic rats. We performed a calculation showing that application of continuous blood glucose measurement reduces animal numbers needed to detect a given effect in experimental setting by decreasing variability and SD.InterpretationContinuous blood glucose monitoring via a telemetry device in pregnant rats provides a more informative picture of the glycemic situation in comparison to single measurements. This could improve diagnosis and therapy of diabetes, decrease animal numbers within experimental settings, and add another physiological parameter (activity) to the analysis that could be helpful in testing therapeutic concepts targeting blood glucose levels and peripheral muscle function. We propose continuous glucose monitoring as a new tool for the evaluation of pregnant diabetic rats.
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