Serum Globulin to Albumin Ratio as a Novel Predictor of Adverse Clinical Outcomes in Coronary Artery Disease Patients Who Underwent PCI

Abstract

Background: Coronary heart disease is one of the main causes of Mortality. Many biological indicators have been used to predict the prognosis of patients with coronary heart disease. The ratio of serum globulin to albumin (GAR) has been used to predict the prognosis of patients with various cancers. It has been proven that GAR is related to the prognosis of patients with stroke. However, GAR’s role in cardiovascular disease remains unclear. Our purpose was to investigate the predictive value of GAR on clinical outcomes in post-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: From Dec. 2016 to Oct. 2021, a total of 14,994 patients undergoing PCI patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University were divided into high GAR group (GAR ≥0.76, n = 4087) and low GAR group (GAR <0.76, n = 10,907). The incidence of adverse outcomes including all-cause mortality (ACM), cardiovascular mortality (CM), major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) was compared between the two groups. Multivariate Cox regression was used to adjust for the effects of confounding factors, while hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. Median follow-up time was 24 months. Results: Compared with the low GAR group, the high GAR group had significantly higher incidence of ACM (6.5% vs. 1.7%, p < 0.001); CM (4.9% vs. 1.2%, p < 0.001), MACE (10.5% vs. 6.7%, p < 0.001), and MACCE (11.3% vs. 7.5%, p < 0.001). Cox regression analysis showed the patients in the high GAR group had a 1.62-fold increased risk for ACM (HR = 2.622, 95% CI: 2.130–3.228, p < 0.01), a 1.782-fold increased risk for CM (HR = 2.782, 95% CI: 2.180–3.550, p < 0.01). There was a 37.2% increased risk for MACE (HR = 1.372, 95% CI: 1.204–1.564, p < 0.01), and 32.4% increased risk for MACCE (HR = 1.324, 95% CI: 1.169–1.500, p < 0.01), compared to the patients in the low GAR group. Conclusions: The present study suggested that post-PCI CAD patients with higher GAR presented significantly increased mortality and adverse events GAR level at admission may 296 be considered as part of risk stratification when PCI is possible in patients with coronary heart disease. Clinical Trial Registration: The detailed information of the PRACTICE study has been registered on http://Clinicaltrials.gov (Identifier: NCT05174143).

Keywords

• albumin
• serum globulin to albumin ratio
• coronary artery disease
• all-cause death long-term prognosis