National minorities and national policy in the Southern Urals in the 1930s

Abstract

Background. Modern Russia is a multinational unity due to the historically established national policy. The study of the historical experience of the administrative-territorial structure, cultural and educational policy among the non-Russian population will strengthen the current national policy. The purpose of the work is to analyze the national and cultural and educational policy among the non-Russian population in the Southern Urals in the 1920 years and 1930 years. Materials and methods. In the course of the study, statistical data on the results of the All-Union Population Censuses of 1926 and 1939, compiled by V.P. Motrevich, collection of documents “Chelyabinsk region. 1917–1945” edited by Professor P.G. Agaryshev were analyzed. The documents of the United State Archive of the Orenburg region and the Samara Regional State Archive of Socio-Political History were studied. Of particular interest are the reporting data on work among national minorities. The author applied the mathematical method of statistics, which made it possible to identify the population, the percentage of the national composition, the comparative historical method made it possible to assess the cultural level of national minorities, the effectiveness of cultural and educational work among them. Results. The main directions of administrative, cultural, educational, sanitary and preventive activities among national minorities in the Southern Urals are investigated, the ratio of the national composition by administrative-territorial units of the Southern Urals is compared. The features of the cultural level among different nationalities are considered. Conclusions. The national policy in the Southern Urals was implemented in accordance with national goals. National minorities have been given the opportunity to widely exercise their own rights. In the 1930 years, national districts were allocated, korenization was actively carried out, national minorities occupied leadership positions, received education, and raised the cultural level.

Keywords

• soviet power
• cultural and educational activities
• national policy
• southern urals