Characterizing of Bio-Graphene Nanoparticles of Sago Waste as a Homogeneous Combustion Catalyst

Abstract

Alternative fuels were developed by blending crude coconut oil and bio-graphene nanoparticles. Bio-graphene, derived from sago waste via pyrolysis and ground using a ball mill, underwent FTIR testing to assess its energy absorption capabilities. SEM analysis was conducted to examine the surface morphology of bio-graphene with and without crude coconut oil. The findings indicate that incorporating bio-graphene can enhance mechanical properties, facilitating rapid heat absorption, as evidenced by reduced flashpoint and viscosity. In addition, the results show an increase in fuel mass, broadening of molecular contacts, increased reactivity, and increased heat absorption for easier ignition. This phenomenon indicates that BioGNPs have great potential for biofuel use as a homogeneous combustion catalyst.

Keywords

• Sago waste
• Bio-carbon
• Bio-catalyst
• Nanoparticles
• Mechanical properties