Upgrading/Deacidification of Bio-Oils by Liquid–Liquid Extraction Using Aqueous Methanol as a Solvent
Nélio Teixeira Machado,
Silvio Alex Pereira da Mota,
Raquel Ana Capela Leão,
Rodrigo Octavio Mendonça Alves de Souza,
Sergio Duvoisin Junior,
Luiz Eduardo Pizarro Borges,
Andréia de Andrade Mancio da Mota
Affiliations
Nélio Teixeira Machado
Graduate Program of Natural Resources Engineering of Amazon, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa N° 1, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
Silvio Alex Pereira da Mota
Graduate Program of Natural Resources Engineering of Amazon, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa N° 1, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
Raquel Ana Capela Leão
Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, N° 149, Bloco A 622, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil
Rodrigo Octavio Mendonça Alves de Souza
Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, N° 149, Bloco A 622, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil
Sergio Duvoisin Junior
Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas-UEA, Avenida Darcy Vargas N° 1200, Manaus 69050-020, AM, Brazil
Luiz Eduardo Pizarro Borges
Laboratory of Catalyst Preparation and Catalytic Cracking, Section of Chemical Engineering-IME, Praça General Tibúrcio N° 80, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, RJ, Brazil
Andréia de Andrade Mancio da Mota
Graduate Program of Natural Resources Engineering of Amazon, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa N° 1, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
Oxygenated compounds such as acids in bio-oils (BO) have been related to the corrosion of metals and their storage instability when applied as fuels. Therefore, upgrading BO by removing acids (deacidification) can be a valuable technique to reduce corrosivity using specific separation processes. Therefore, the objective of this paper was to evaluate the effect of the water content in the solvent (aqueous methanol), the carboxylic acid content in the BO and extraction temperature on the deacidification process by liquid–liquid extraction (LLE), as well as the effect of the same parameters on the quality of the deacidified BO through physical–chemical and GC-MS analyses. The results show that an increase in the water content (5 to 25%) in the solvent and an increase in the carboxylic acids content (24.38 to 51.56 mg KOH/g) in the BO reduce the solvent’s capacity to extract carboxylic acids while increasing the temperature (25 to 35 °C) of the deacidification process promoted an increase in its capacity to remove them. Consequently, the highest deacidification efficiency (72.65%) is achieved with 5% water in methanol at 25 °C for BO1 (TAN = 24.38 mg KOH/g). Therefore, the deacidification process through LLE using aqueous methanol contributed significantly to BO upgrading.
