Development of value-added sustainable products from paper mill sludge: An experimental approach

Abstract

The disposal of paper mill sludge waste generated by the paper industry is a tough and challenging task. In this work, an attempt is made to develop various value-added products namely bricks, briquettes, ground chakra base, and eco-friendly composites from the secondary paper mill sludge (PMS). The secondary PMS was initially dewatered to remove the moisture content, ground to powder, and mixed with cement, MSand. quarry dust, and fly ash to produce bricks. The brick specimens were tested for compressive strength, water absorption, and efflorescence as per the standards and found to be 5.29 ± 0.11 N/mm2, 3.84 ± 0.13% respectively, and have NIL efflorescence. The PMS is mixed with paraffin wax and compressed in a squeeze moulding to form briquettes and observed that the percentage of ash content in the briquette is 66.6% which is less than that of the PMS. Further, a ground chakra base is produced using a slurry of starch and dried in a heater at 60° exhibiting better properties. An eco-friendly composite pottery product was developed by mixing PMS, clay, and starch and tested for breakage.

Keywords

• Paper mill sludge (PMS)
• Fly ash
• Brick
• Briquettes
• Eco-friendly composites
• Sustainability