Pickering Emulsion of Oleoresin from <i>Dipterocarpus alatus</i> Roxb. ex G. Don and Its Antiproliferation in Colon (HCT116) and Liver (HepG2) Cancer Cells
Piman Pocasap,
Kawintra Tamprasit,
Thanyathanya Rungsri,
Karnchanok Kaimuangpak,
Tarapong Srisongkram,
Somporn Katekaew,
Khanita Kamwilaisak,
Ploenthip Puthongking,
Natthida Weerapreeyakul
Affiliations
Piman Pocasap
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
Kawintra Tamprasit
Graduate School in the Program of Research and Development in Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
Thanyathanya Rungsri
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in the Program of Doctor of Pharmacy, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
Karnchanok Kaimuangpak
Graduate School in the Program of Research and Development in Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
Tarapong Srisongkram
Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
Somporn Katekaew
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
Khanita Kamwilaisak
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
Ploenthip Puthongking
Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
Natthida Weerapreeyakul
Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
Oleoresin of Dipterocarpus alatus Roxb. ex G. Don (DA) has been traditionally used for local medicinal applications. Several in vitro studies have indicated its pharmacological potential. However, the low water solubility hinders its use and development for pharmaceutical purposes. The study aimed to (1) formulate oil-in-water (o/w) Pickering emulsions of DA oleoresin and (2) demonstrate its activities in cancer cells. The Pickering emulsions were formulated using biocompatible carboxylated cellulose nanocrystal (cCNC) as an emulsifier. The optimized emulsion comprised 3% (F1) and 4% (v/v) (F2) of oleoresin in 1% cCNC and 0.1 M NaCl, which possessed homogeneity and physical stability compared with other formulations with uniform droplet size and low viscosity. The constituent analysis indicated the presence of the biomarker dipterocarpol in both F1 and F2. The pharmacological effects of the two emulsions were demonstrated in vitro against two cancer cell lines, HepG2 and HCT116. Both F1 and F2 suppressed cancer cell viability. The treated cells underwent apoptosis, as demonstrated by distinct nuclear morphological changes in DAPI-stained cells and Annexin V/PI-stained cells detected by flow cytometry. Our study highlights the prospect of Pickering emulsions for oleoresin, emphasizing enhanced stability and potential pharmacological advantages.
