RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries (Dec 2018)
The studies of the reaction to the salt stress of varieties of fodder crops for formation of pastures in the conditions of North Western Caspian
Abstract
On the territory of the North-Western Caspian, significant areas occupy soils with varying degrees of salinity, therefore, to form pastures in these areas, it is necessary to select species and varieties of crops that tolerate salt stress. We conducted expeditionary studies on the study of floristic composition, as well as phenological, biometric observation and thoroughly studied the soil cover of pasture communities. As a result, plant species from these communities were selected, which were the most adapted to the unfavorable conditions of the Northwest Caspian region, and other species and cultivars were added from the world collection of All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Plant Growing of other ecogeographical regions. Expeditionary research on the selection of species of pasture plants was carried out on the territory of the West Ilmenno-hillock landscape area, and laboratory studies in the laboratory of the All-Russian Research Institute of Veterinary Research in the period 2011-2017. The purpose of the study is to select varieties and species of perennial pasture crops that are most resistant to high salt content in the soil. When studying the ability of species and varieties to tolerate salt stress, plants were isolated according to their fitness for stress. The most adapted plants, where the percentage of viable seeds was from 24% to 30%, the average ability to tolerate salt stress with germination in seeds of 15%, and varieties and species with an germination from 0.1% to 0% - are unsuitable. To very adapted to salt stress include species and varieties of the plant: Elytrigia elongate (Host.) Nevski, var. Salt - 30%; Elymus novae-angliae (Scribn.) Tzvelev) Ozernensky variety - 28%; elongated elm (Elytrigia elongate (Host.) Nevski) variety Stavropol 10 - 28%; elongated elm (Elytrigia elongate (Host.) Nevski) sort Argonaut - 27%; Agropyron pectinatum (M. Bieb.) Variety - 26%, Bromopsis inermis (Leyss.) Holub, cultivar Stavropol 31 - 24%.
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