Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutrición (Sep 2007)
Estado nutricional en niños preescolares que asisten a un jardín de infancia público en Valencia, Venezuela
Abstract
RESUMEN: A fin de evaluar el estado nutricional en un grupo de preescolares que asisten a un jardín de infancia público en Valencia, Venezuela (2002), se indagó el estrato social, las variables antropométricas; peso, talla y circunferencia del brazo, la hemoglobina, el retinol sérico, la presencia de parasitosis y el consumo de alimentos, así como el nivel educativo materno. Se utilizó el programa SPSS versión 11.0 y las pruebas t de Student, ANOVA de una vía, Post Hoc de Bonferroni y Fisher (p SUMMARY: Nutritional status in preschoolers attending a public day-care center in Valencia, Venezuela. With the purpose of evaluating nutritional status in a group of preschoolers attending a public day care center in Valencia, Venezuela (2002), a research was made for social stratus, anthropometric variables; weight, height and arm circumference, hemoglobin, seric retinol, presence of parasitosis and food consumption, as well as the mother’s educational level. The program SPSS 11.0 and the t Student, ANOVA Post Hoc from Bonferroni and Fisher (p<0,05) were used. A predominance of the female sex was presented (52%). According to the social stratus, 23.3% was located in the middleclass, and 76.8% on some level of poverty. 60% of the middleclass mothers had finished their high school education, while only 9.8% of the mothers in poverty had reached that level. According to the Z values (H/A, W/H and AC/H), high percentages under -1.00 were observed (27.3%, 25.6% and 24.5%, respectively). The W/H and AC/H of children of mothers studying in a university presented discrepancies when compared with children of mothers with a primary educational level. A 25.9% of anemia was presented, and there were differences between anemic and non-anemic groups for H/A and AC/H. Protozoaries were observed in 61.0%, helmintos in 16.9% and both in 22.1%. There was a 2.6 times higher risk of presenting nutritional deficiency for AC/H in the group found with parasites. An adequate consumption of energy and iron was found, with an excessive consumption of proteins and vitamin A. It is concluded that there exists a nutritional risk evaluated through hematologic parameters, the presence of parasitosis and social stratus
