Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia (Dec 2010)
Survei Penggerek Batang Jagung dan Kompleks Musuh Alaminya di Provinsi Gorontalo
Abstract
Corn borer is one of the important pests on corn plant in Gorontalo Province, especially in three districts which are the center of maize planting development. Corn borer and its natural enemy complex in Gorontalo Province has not been clearly studied. The purpose of this study is to determine the complexity of the natural enemies of maize stem borer by calculating the diversity and composition. The survey method was used, in which the older larvae, pupae, and corn borer natural enemies were collected from the field in the three districts (Gorontalo, Boalemo, and Pohuwato). Observation plots in each district area of 2,500 m2, were divided into 3 sub plots with the size of 3×3 m, each plot is consisted of 45 plants at the spacing of 75×25 cm. The data were analysed descriptively and organized into tables. Shannon Index was used to count the diversity and composition of the pests and their natural enemies. The results showed that the corn borer species was Ostrinia furnacalis, while the dominant natural enemy was the tachinid fly. The analysis of Shannon diversity index for natural enemies of three districts of Gorontalo, Boalemo, and Pohuwato were 0.63, 0.61, and 0.97 respectively. Penggerek batang jagung adalah salah satu hama penting pada tanaman jagung di Provinsi Gorontalo terutama di tiga kabupaten sentra pengembangan jagung. Hama penggerek batang jagung dan kompleks musuh alaminya di Provinsi Gorontalo belum banyak dikaji. Tujuan kajian ini adalah melihat kompleksitas musuh alami penggerek batang jagung dengan menghitung keragaman dan komposisi. Metode yang digunakan adalah survei, yaitu mengumpulkan larva instar akhir, pupa penggerek batang jagung dan musuh alaminya dari lapangan di tiga kabupaten (Gorontalo, Boalemo, dan Pohuwato). Petak pengamatan di setiap kabupaten seluas 2.500 m2 yang dibagi dalam 3 sub plot berukuran 3×3 m. Jumlah tanaman jagung per plot sekitar 45 tanaman dengan jarak tanam 75×25 cm. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dan disusun dalam tabel, untuk keragaman dan komposisi menggunakan Indeks Shannon. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa jenis penggerek batang jagung adalah Ostrinia furnacalis, musuh alami didominasi Ordo Diptera Famili Tachinidae. Analisis Indeks Shannon keragaman musuh alami untuk Kabupaten Gorontalo, Kabupaten Boalemo, dan Kabupaten Pohuwato berturut-turut sebesar 0,63; 0,61; dan 0,97.
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