Assessment of risk factors for coronary artery disease in patients with ischemic heart disease in the Southern region of India

Abstract

Introduction Coronary artery disease comprises of range of disease manifestations thatvary from asymptomatic atherosclerotic disease to acute coronary syndrome. It is approximately estimated that the yearly deaths due to cardiovascular disease will increasefrom 17.5 million in 2012 to 25 million in 2030. The objective of the study is to assess thecoronary artery disease risk factor in patients with ischemic heart disease. Objectives Coronary artery disease comprises of range of disease manifestations that vary from asymptomatic atherosclerotic disease to acute coronary syndrome. It is approximately estimated that the yearly deaths due to cardiovascular disease will increase from 17.5 million in 2012 to 25 million in 2030. The objective of the study is to assess the coronary artery disease risk factor in patients with ischemic heart disease. Material and Methods This cross-sectional study was done in coronary care unit for a period of one month. Study participants with definite electrocardiography changes consistent with coronary artery disease were included in the study. Demographic details, relevant history and laboratory parameters were recorded from the case sheet. The data collected were statistically analysed with descriptive statistics and mean ± standard deviation. Results Among 30 study participants enrolled in this study 23 (80%) and 7 (20%) were males and females respectively. Majority of the study participants were of 51-60 years age group. 9(30% ), 3(10%) male and female study participants respectively had total cholesterol level above the normal range. 16 (53.3%) and 3 (10%) male and female study participants respectively showed elevated levels of homocysteine and 5 (16.7%) male study participant had hyperuricemia. Conclusion This study revealed increased preponderance of CAD risk factors in the South Indian population. Regular screening and lifestyle modification of high risk groups can help in reducing prevalence of coronary disease in the population.

Keywords

• Coronary artery disease, Diabetes mellitus, Hypertension, Hyperlipidemia, risk factors.