Epidemiological Survey and Risk Factor Analysis of 14 Potential Pathogens in Golden Snub-Nosed Monkeys at Shennongjia National Nature Reserve, China
Mingpu Qi,
Qiankun Wang,
Yu Wang,
Yingyu Chen,
Changmin Hu,
Wanji Yang,
Feng Wu,
Tianpeng Huang,
Ali Sobhy Dawood,
Muhammad Zubair,
Xiang Li,
Jianguo Chen,
Ian Duncan Robertson,
Huanchun Chen,
Aizhen Guo
Affiliations
Mingpu Qi
State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
Qiankun Wang
State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
Yu Wang
State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
Yingyu Chen
State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
Changmin Hu
State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
Wanji Yang
Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Shennongjia Golden Monkey, Shennongjia Forest District 442411, China
Feng Wu
Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Shennongjia Golden Monkey, Shennongjia Forest District 442411, China
Tianpeng Huang
Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Shennongjia Golden Monkey, Shennongjia Forest District 442411, China
Ali Sobhy Dawood
State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
Muhammad Zubair
State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
Xiang Li
College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
Jianguo Chen
State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
Ian Duncan Robertson
State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
Huanchun Chen
State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
Aizhen Guo
State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
Golden snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellanae) belong to Class A, the highest level of endangered primate species. Exploring the infection status of potential pathogens in golden snub-nosed monkeys is important for controlling associated diseases and protecting this species. The objective of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence for a number of potential pathogens and the prevalence of fecal adenovirus and rotavirus. A total of 283 fecal samples were collected from 100 golden snub-nosed monkeys in December 2014, June 2015, and January 2016; 26 blood samples were collected from 26 monkeys in June 2014, June 2015, January 2016 and November 2016 at Shennongjia National Reserve in Hubei, China. The infection of 11 potential viral diseases was examined serologically using an Indirect Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (iELISA) and Dot Immunobinding Assays (DIA), while the whole blood IFN-γ in vitro release assay was used to test tuberculosis (TB). In addition, fecal Adenovirus and Rotavirus were detected using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). As a result, the Macacine herpesvirus-1 (MaHV-1), Golden snub-nosed monkey cytomegalovirus (GsmCMV), Simian foamy virus (SFV) and Hepatitis A virus (HAV) were detected with the seroprevalence of 57.7% (95% CI: 36.9, 76.6), 38.5% (95% CI: 20.2, 59.4), 26.9% (95% CI: 11.6, 47.8), and 7.7% (95% CI: 0.0, 84.2), respectively. Two fecal samples tested positive for Adenovirus (ADV) by PCR, with a prevalence of 0.7% (95% CI: 0.2, 2.5), and further, the amplification products were sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that they belonged to the HADV-G group. However, other pathogens, such as Coxsackievirus (CV), Measles virus (MeV), Rotavirus (RV), Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), Simian type D retroviruses (SRV), Simian-T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (STLV-1), Simian varicella virus (SVV), Simian virus 40 (SV40) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (TB) were negative in all samples. In addition, a risk factor analysis indicated that the seroprevalence of MaHV-1 infection was significantly associated with old age (≥4 years). These results have important implications for understanding the health status and conservation of the endangered golden snub-nosed monkey population at Shennongjia Nature Reserve.
