The Poetics of Second Liberation

Abstract

This article examines Césaire’s The Tragedy of King Christophe as a fundamental text for understanding the complexities of decolonization in postcolonial contexts. The essay rereads the play, focusing on the concepts of ‘bad decolonization’, ‘good decolonization’, and the necessity for a ‘second liberation’ – a form of decolonization that transcends mere emancipation from physical subjugation. It analyses Césaire’s dramatization of Haiti’s revolutionary period to illuminate how his portrayal of decolonization not only prefigures but also advocates for the second liberation. Through a critical engagement with the works of Frantz Fanon and Achille Mbembe, the essay argues that effective decolonization within the postcolony must inherently culminate in self-awareness, the eradication of colonial vestiges, and the cultivation of a new consciousness that inspires what Mbembe (2021, 3) refers to as the “will to community” to describe a shared commitment to reconceptualizing community beyond the colonial legacies of separation, hierarchy, and exclusion.

Keywords

• Haiti
• decolonization
• postcolony
• historical drama
• revolution