Predictive ability of the REMS and HOTEL scoring systems for mortality in geriatric patients with pulmonary embolism

Abstract

Abstract Background Pulmonary embolism (PE) is an important cause of mortality and morbidity in the geriatric population. We aimed to compare the ability of the pulmonary embolism severity index (PESI), rapid emergency medicine score (REMS), and hypotension, oxygen saturation, low temperature, electrocardiogram change, and loss of independence (HOTEL) to predict prognosis and intensive care requirement in geriatric patient with PE. Results The median age of 132 patients was 77 (71–82) years. PESI was higher in the non-survivor group [132 (113–172)] (P =0.001). The median REMS was 8 (7–10), and it was higher in the non-survivor group [10 (7.5–12.0)] (p = 0.005). The median HOTEL score was 1 (0–2) in the whole cohort and 2 (1–3) in the non-survivor group, indicating significant difference compared to the survivor group (P = 0.001). The area under the curve (AUC) values of HOTEL, REMS, and PESI were determined as 0.72, 0.65, and 0.71, respectively. For the prediction of intensive care requirement, the AUC values of HOTEL, REMS, and PESI were 0.76, 0.75, and 0.76, respectively, with no significant difference in pairwise comparisons (PESI vs. REMS: p = 0.520, HOTEL vs. PESI: P = 0.526, REMS vs. HOTEL: P = 0.669, overall test: P = 0.96, DeLong’s test). The risk ratios of HOTEL and PESI were parallel to each other [5.31 (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.53–11.13) and 5.34 (95% CI: 2.36–12.08), respectively]. Conclusion HOTEL and REMS were as successful as PESI in predicting short-term mortality and intensive care requirement in geriatric patients with PE. These scores are also more practical since they have fewer parameters than PESI.

Keywords

• Pulmonary infarction
• Geriatrics
• HOTEL
• Early warning score