Dynamic nanoimaging of extended objects via hard X-ray multiple-shot coherent diffraction with projection illumination optics

Abstract

Coherent diffraction imaging (CDI) is a lensless technique for 2D or 3D reconstruction of nanoscale structure images, where a highly coherent beam of x-rays, electrons or other wavelike particle or photon is incident on an object. The authors present a phase retrieval algorithm that takes advantage of the continuity of physical phenomena and uses it as a temporal constraint for CDI, and also present an illumination optics suitable for the method, which allow them to follow dynamic processes, as demonstrate in their proof-of-principle experiment.