Comparative Analysis of the Distribution and Composition of Grouper Fish (Family Serranidae) in the Coral Reef Ecosystems of Batanta and Salawati Islands, Raja Ampat

Abstract

The Coral Reef Ecosystems of Batanta and Salawati Islands, Raja Ampat is a critical habitat for grouper species (Family Serranidae), which play essential roles in coral reef ecosystems. This study assessed the species composition, abundance, and biomass of groupers across 12 sampling sites in the region. Using the Underwater Visual Census (UVC) method, we identified 14 grouper species, with Plectropomus areolatus classified as vulnerable by the IUCN. Our results revealed an average grouper abundance 17.33 ind/350m2 for Batanta and 18.33 ind/350m2 for Salawati. An average biomass the mean biomass 4288.16 gr/350m2 for Batanta and 1881.10 gr/350m2 for Salawati, indicating substantial biomass within the area. Statistical analyses, including the Kruskal-Wallis test and t- tests reveal no significant difference in abundance between the two locations, as indicated by the non-significant p-value (p = 0.87). Correlation analysis demonstrated a very strong positive relationship between grouper abundance and biomass, suggesting that the Anthropogenic activities have not yet significantly impacted the grouper populations in Salawati and Batanta. The study emphasizes the importance of habitat protection and sustainable fisheries management to support grouper populations. Additionally, ongoing monitoring and adaptive management strategies are necessary to ensure the long-term health of grouper populations and the coral reef ecosystems they inhabit.