Microwave Irradiation: Alternative Heating Process for the Synthesis of Biologically Applicable Chromones, Quinolones, and Their Precursors

Abstract

Microwave irradiation has become a popular heating technique in organic synthesis, mainly due to its short reaction times, solventless reactions, and, sometimes, higher yields. Additionally, microwave irradiation lowers energy consumption and, consequently, is ideal for optimization processes. Moreover, there is evidence that microwave irradiation can improve the regioselectivity and stereoselectivity aspects of vital importance in synthesizing bioactive compounds. These crucial features of microwave irradiation contribute to its inclusion in green chemistry procedures. Since 2003, the use of microwave-assisted organic synthesis has become common in our laboratory, making our group one of the first Portuguese research groups to implement this heating source in organic synthesis. Our achievements in the transformation of heterocyclic compounds, such as (E/Z)-3-styryl-4H-chromen-4-ones, (E)-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4-styryl-1H-pyrazole, (E)-2-(4-arylbut-1-en-3-yn-1-yl)-4H-chromen-4-ones, or (E)-2-[2-(5-aryl-2-methyl-2H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)vinyl]-4H-chromen-4-ones, will be discussed in this review, highlighting the benefits of microwave irradiation use in organic synthesis.

Keywords

• microwave irradiation
• organic synthesis
• heterocyclic compounds
• (<i>E</i>/<i>Z</i>)-3-styrylchromones
• (<i>E</i>)-1-[3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4-styryl-1<i>H</i>-pyrazol-1-yl]ethan-1-ones
• (<i>E</i>)-2-(4-arylbut-1-en-3-yn-1-yl)chromone