Cryptanalysis of a Semi-Quantum Bi-Signature Scheme Based on W States
Chun-Wei Yang,
Jason Lin,
Chia-Wei Tsai,
Ching-Lin Cheng
Affiliations
Chun-Wei Yang
Master Program for Digital Health Innovation, College of Humanities and Sciences, China Medical University, No. 100, Sec. 1, Jingmao Rd., Beitun Dist., Taichung 406040, Taiwan
Jason Lin
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, No. 145, Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung 40227, Taiwan
Chia-Wei Tsai
Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, No. 129, Sec. 3, Sanmin Rd., North Dist., Taichung 40401, Taiwan
Ching-Lin Cheng
Master Program for Digital Health Innovation, College of Humanities and Sciences, China Medical University, No. 100, Sec. 1, Jingmao Rd., Beitun Dist., Taichung 406040, Taiwan
Recently, Zhao et al. proposed a semi-quantum bi-signature (SQBS) scheme based on W states with two quantum signers and just one classical verifier. In this study, we highlight three security issues with Zhao et al.’s SQBS scheme. In Zhao et al.’s SQBS protocol, an insider attacker can perform an impersonation attack in the verification phase and an impersonation attack in the signature phase to capture the private key. In addition, an eavesdropper can perform a man-in-the-middle attack to obtain all of the signer’s secret information. All of the above three attacks can pass the eavesdropping check. Without considering these security issues, the SQBS protocol could fail to ensure the signer’s secret information.
