Biological markers in risk stratification and progression of cardiovascular disease: present and future

Abstract

Taking into account the increase in the level of cardiovascular diseases in recent decades, the clinician faces the task of attempting to make the fastest possible diagnosis of the pathology at its earliest stages. That is why the aim of our work was to identify the main groups of biological markers, and to separate the role of each of them in the assessment of the risk of development, progression and possible complications of cardiovascular diseases. We have given the main working classification of markers of cardiovascular processes with the allocation of their main types, as well as the basic criteria for the “ideal” biological marker. Finally, an attempt was made to structure biomarkers depending on their molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis in the development of a particular pathology. All these data should help the clinician at the stage of early diagnosis of cardiovascular disease.

Keywords

• биомаркер
• ишемия миокарда
• повреждение миокарда
• сердечная недостаточность
• миокардиальный стресс
• атеросклероз
• тромбоз
• воспаление
• матриксное и клеточное ремоделирование
• оксидативный стресс
• нейрогормоны
• кардиоренальный синдром