Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health and Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China; Laboratory for Oral and General Health Integration and Translation, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China; Department of VIP Dental Service, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China; Corresponding authors.
Huan Liu
Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health and Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
Lei Hu
Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health and Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China; Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China; Research Units of Tooth Development and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100069, China
Hideaki Kagami
Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan
Songlin Wang
Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health and Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China; Laboratory for Oral and General Health Integration and Translation, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China; Research Units of Tooth Development and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100069, China; Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Corresponding authors.
Homeostasis is essential for the maintenance of health, and how it is maintained is the focus of attention in homeostatic medicine. As a natural dietary nutrient, nitrate is critical in regulating homeostasis. This article summarizes nitrate’s cognitive history, sources, and metabolism. It discusses the relationship and possible mechanism between nitrate and organism homeostasis from three aspects: flora homeostasis, inflammation-immunity homeostasis, and energy metabolism homeostasis, as well as the clinical application scenarios of nitrate as a promising new generation of drugs, including preventing and treating multi-system diseases, reducing organism injury, improving exercise ability, regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, and assisting tumor treatment. An increased understanding of nitrate’s impact on body homeostasis could foster a new research concept for its application in disease prevention and treatment.
