Back pain in young people: approaches to diagnosis and treatment

Abstract

Back pain in young people (14–35 years old) may have causes rooted in adolescence or even earlier childhood. Diagnosis in this case can present considerable difficulties for a therapist and general practitioner, since “nonspecific back pain” may hide pathological conditions inherent in childhood. The degree of compensation for scoliosis, hereditary abnormalities in the development of the spine, the severity of early degenerative processes, and metabolic diseases of the skeleton that were not identified during school years determine a non-standard scope of diagnostic and therapeutic measures for the doctor. These include collecting a family history and screening the patient for the presence of inflammatory back pain according to the 2009 ASAS criteria, a survey on the hospital anxiety and depression scale, a morphometric assessment of the stigma of dysembryogenesis and an assessment of hypermobility syndrome, advanced laboratory diagnostics with determination of indicators of mineral-calcium metabolism, X-ray diagnostics with functional tests, the use of magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography of the spine in the absence of radicular symptoms. The patient’s active involvement in non-drug restorative treatment significantly improves his prognosis, and pharmacological support should have a health-saving direction and consider the presence of low-intensity inflammation in the pathogenesis of the disease. The choice of therapy for a reproductively active cohort of patients is made in favor of drugs with the maximum safety profile, which include, among others, selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Keywords

• back pain
• young age
• axial spondyloarthritis
• scoliosis
• hereditary abnormalities of the spine
• early osteoarthritis of the spine
• hypermobility syndrome
• spinal instability
• herniated intervertebral discs
• myofascial syndrome
• nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
• nimesulide