Assessment of the Binding Immunoglobulin Protein, IL-1β, and Some Hematological Indices in Patients with Urinary Tract Infections

Abstract

Background:Binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP) is a protein marker associated with endoplasmic reticulum (E.R.) stress and is upregulated by metabolic alterations at the tissue level. There is growing proof that changes in the microbiota’s makeup that cause infections may have a significant impact on the development of associated diseases such as autoimmune diseases by E.R. stress-inducing and a change in cell surface components. Objective:To investigate the role of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in inducing an increase in E.R. stress represented and the innate immune response to this stress. Materials and Methods:A total of 160 male and female children, whose ages ranged between 5 and 10 years participated in this study. Cultivation urine on UTI ChromoSelect Agar used to identify patients with UTI. The levels of BiP and IL-1β concentration were measured using ELISA assay. Lymphocyte and granulocyte cell count and ratio were measured by Complete Blood Count. Results:The major findings of the study were (1) The serum levels of BiP were significantly higher in patients with UTI compared to controls. (2) Upon bacterial stimulation, happened higher increase of IL-1β concentration. (3) The lymphocyte count and ratio were significantly higher but granulocyte ratio was significantly lower in the UTI patients. (4) The most frequent bacteria isolated were Escherichia coli (31.7%), followed by Proteus mirabilis (22.1%), Klebsiella (21.2%), Staphylococcus aureus (12.7%), and Enterococcus faecalis (12.3%). Conclusions:BiP plasma concentrations are increased in UTI patients that suggest the virulence factors of uropathogenic bacteria may be stimulated by epithelial cell stress which leads to activation of the immune system. BiP could be a useful marker to predict the risk of bacterial infections.

Keywords

• bip
• e.r. stress
• escherichia coli
• il-1β
• utis