Protocols and complications in the reconstruction of major scalp defects

Abstract

Introduction: This study aimed to analyze the protocols and complications in four unusual cases of large and complex scalp defects, in which conventional, non-microsurgical flaps were used. Methods: This was a critical and retrospective analysis of four cases. Three immunosuppressed patients had squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) (one underwent liver transplant, one underwent renal transplant, and one had rheumatoid arthritis). The other patient had sequelae of head trauma and multiple neurosurgeries using self-polymerizing acrylic, followed by osteomyelitis and fistula. Results: The cases of large carcinoma were reconstructed with rotation large scalp flaps. Two of them had epidermolysis/necrosis in a small distal portion of the flaps, which were treated, with excellent aesthetic results. The case of sequelae of trauma was reconstructed with expanded advancement scalp flap over cranioplasty using ribs. Despite the extrusion of one osteosynthesis, the patient healed without recurrence of the fistula, with na excellent aesthetic result. Conclusion: The analysis of these complex and unusual cases indicates that temporal pedicles are preferred in the planning of flaps for the conventional reconstruction of large scalp defects. The treatment employed for the possible epidermolyses and distal necroses in these flaps led to satisfying aesthetic and functional results.

Keywords

• scalp
• reconstructive surgical procedures
• head and neck neoplasms
• penetrating head trauma
• organ transplantation