TIPA. Travaux interdisciplinaires sur la parole et le langage (Dec 2015)
Les théories de l’accessibilité référentielle et la résolution des rapports anaphoriques ambigus au sein des textes classiques
Abstract
The work on the textual organization (Apotheloz, 1995; Grobet, 2000; Combettes, 1986) have demonstrated the great importance that played the management of pronouns anaphoric in structuring textual. However, some attachments repositories are far away to comply with such a requirement and have the more often an influence of a side, on the organization of informational text and of the other, on its thematic progression. Let us note, from this same point of view, as the problems relating to the resolution of the pronominal anaphora, as regards the attachment repository of the pronoun anaphoric blizzard to the antecedent, are one of the most salient features of the classical language. The grammarians of this period work, essentially, on the eviction of equivocal order repository. The latter are likely to generate different interpretations often of the same report anaphoric blizzard. However, despite the established rules throughout the XVIIth century, aimed at restricting the use of free pronouns anaphoric, the management of these terms of resumption is the more often the source of referential ambiguities. These referential ambiguities constitute a side, one of the major obstacles to the reading of classic texts and on the other, are sources of textual inconsistency. In this sense, some reports anaphoric remain difficult to interpret because several history are presented as potential candidates for the same anaphoric pronoun. To resolve this type of equivocation, the conventional grammarians erected as the sole criterion for selection, the principle of proximity. This principle is to reattach the pronoun anaphoric to the closest referent in the left context. However, this criterion has proved, in some cases, unreliable in the measure or the referents competitors, present in the same statement, can, also, claim the role of antecedent while introducing a degree of referential accessibility high. On the basis of these different findings, we will try to look at the operation of the repository anaphoric pronouns from examples attested learned of various classical works. Our objective is also to demonstrate that the referential interpretation of these reports anaphoric within classical texts poses problems for the modern reader. In this same vein, we will try, first of all, to put the emphasis on the problems relating to the location of the referent of a pronoun anaphoric blizzard in a classical French and then, we will propose, based on different theoretical approaches presented respectively by (Keenan and Comrie (1977, 1979, 1981), Ariel (1988, 1990, 2001), Chafe (1987, 1994)), a classification of referents competitors according to their degree of referential accessibility. This referential classification will allow the resolution of reports anaphoric during a referential ambiguity. The application of the various factors of the referential accessibility on reports anaphoric ambiguous has proved of great importance to the extent or their application referentially indeterminate situations guide, generally, to the proper reference. Our results seem to confirm that the noun anaphora is not considered solely as a phenomenon dependent on its context and as a problem to be solved, but rather as a process of cognitive management of the dynamic discursive. Because of this, the management of pronouns anaphoric in the framework of a discursive situation fact appeal to different interpretative process to the time cognitive and syntactic. In this same perspective, the application of theories of the accessibility, presented respectively by Ariel (1988, 1990, 2001), Keenan and Comrie (1977, 1979, 1981) and Chafe (1987, 1994), has allowed, in the framework of a referential competition, to classify referents according to their degree of referential accessibility. Several factors are involved, as well, in the process of benchmarking, and allow a hand to resolve the ambiguity in referential linking the pronoun anaphoric blizzard to the antecedent adequate and on the other to establish a prioritization at the level of the degree of accessibility of referents placed in competition. These are classes in referents having a strong referential accessibility, referents enjoying a referential accessibility average and referents having a low referential accessibility. This referential classification duct in the majority of cases to the allocation of a unique reference restricting, as well, the preferences of attachment repository.
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