Modeling the significance of work culture on burnout, satisfaction, and psychological distress among the Gen-Z workforce in an emerging country

Abstract

Abstract Human resources are widely recognized as critical factors for promoting sustainable development in organizations. However, the evolving workplace landscape and uncertainties pose significant challenges to Gen Z workers in China, leading to increased psychological distress and decreased performance. This study investigates the effects of 996 work culture, work overload, perceived career development opportunities, and perceived pay for performance on the psychological distress experienced by Chinese Gen Z workers. Using a quantitative and cross-sectional approach, we obtained 676 responses from Chinese Gen Z workers. We also utilized partial least squares structural equation modeling to examine and forecast the extent of the impact of the independent variables. The empirical findings reveal that 996 work culture and work overload indirectly influence the psychological distress of Gen Z workers in China via job burnout and job satisfaction; whereas perceived career development opportunities and perceived pay for performance indirectly influence their psychological distress via job satisfaction. Our research extends the existing literature by providing insights into the complex associations between various work-related factors (particularly 996 work culture) and psychological distress among Gen Z workers in China. Regarding policy implications, this study emphasizes the significance of considering the mental health of young employees as a crucial aspect of organizational management and suggests practical measures that organizations can adopt to ensure long-term psychological well-being and workforce engagement.