Environmental Durability of Vinyl Ester Composites Filled with Carbonized Jatropha Seed Shell
N. A. Sri Aprilia,
Md. Sohrab Hossain,
C. K. Abdullah,
H. P. S. Abdul Khalil,
Enih Rosamah,
Rudi Dungani,
Yalda Davoudpour,
I. S. M Zaidul
Affiliations
N. A. Sri Aprilia
School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia;Department of Chemical Engneering, Engineering Faculty of Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia; Indonesia
Md. Sohrab Hossain
School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia; Malaysia
C. K. Abdullah
School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia; Malaysia
H. P. S. Abdul Khalil
School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia; Malaysia
Enih Rosamah
Faculty of Forestry, Mulawarman University, Campus Gunung Kelua, Samarinda 75119, East Kalimantan, Indonesia; Indonesia
Rudi Dungani
School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Gedung Labtex XI, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, West Java-Indonesia; Indonesia
Yalda Davoudpour
School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia; Malaysia
I. S. M Zaidul
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan Campus, Bandar Indera Mahkota, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia; Malaysia
The durability of vinyl ester composites filled with carbonized jatropha seed shell was investigated in 5% NaOH solution, 5% HCl solution, and distilled water for 12 months. The environmental durability of the composites was determined by measuring weight changes, flexural properties, and tensile properties. Results showed weight gain and changes in the mechanical properties of the composites due to the soaking time in alkaline, acidic, and neutral environments. It was observed that vinyl ester composites had the highest tensile properties in alkaline environments. The highest flexural properties of the vinyl ester composites were observed in an alkaline environment. Scanning electron microscope image analysis revealed that the surface of the vinyl ester composites was rough and that the original luster was lost after soaking in alkaline solution, acidic solution, and distilled water for 12 months.
