Optical excitations of Skyrmions, knotted solitons, and defects in atoms

Abstract

Skyrmions and hopfions are topological elementary excitations originally discussed in particle physics and field theory, and are also created in optical fields. The authors show theoretically that the topology of light beams can be transformed into optical excitations of an atomic gas to form 3D particle-like skyrmions and knotted hopfions, providing a new route to study these exotic objects in the laboratory.