Platelet Rich Plasma Therapy and Understanding the Risk Factors of Heel Pain Syndrome

Abstract

Category: Basic Sciences/Biologics, Hindfoot, Sports Introduction/Purpose: Heel pain syndrome is a complex condition causing morbidity and decreases the quality of life in our adult population. It is known that individuals with a body mass index (BMI) of more than >30 kg/m2 have increased risk of plantar fasciitis. However, heel pain consists of larger entities not merely to plantar fasciitis alone. Limited study mentioned the association between hypertension and musculoskeletal pain. Platelet rich plasma (PRP) therapy is an emerging treatment option for its regenerative properties in the treatment of degenerative enthesopathic conditions as in plantar fasciitis and lateral elbow epicondylitis. We hypothesize that obesity (BMI>30 kg/m2) and hypertension do influence the poorer outcome after PRP injection in individuals with heel pain. Methods: We analysed 154 heel pain cases from orthopaedic outpatient clinic that were treated with PRP injection. BMI and BP were taken as preadmission measurements with at least three readings for blood pressure. PRP was harvested from the antecubital vein, and spun in a centrifuge machine. Follow-up was conducted with AOFAS Ankle Hindfoot system before injection, 6 weeks and up to 2 years after injection. Results: Mean age was 49.96 (range 20-81 years old) with 52.60% female and 47.4% male. Plantar fasciitis was the majority source of heel pain (71.43%) followed by achilles tendinopathy (26.62%), posterior tibial tendon disorder (1.3%), and peroneal tendinopathy (0.65%). One hundred and twenty-eight (83.1%) patients achieved resolution of heel pain and related symptoms after injection. Statistical analysis was performed using one sample student t-test. No statistical significant result was found in both overweight (p =0.29) and obesity grade 1 (p = 0.40). Statistical significant result found in the prehypertension group (p<0.04). Conclusion: Based on this preliminary data, we recommend weight loss with trials of lifestyle modification in individuals with obesity, and better control of our patients’ blood pressure in order to achieve comparable outcome with normal BMI population.